What is a PhD and How is it Done?

PhD is the abbreviation of “Philosophiae Doctor” and it means “Philosophy Doctor” in Latin. It is considered to be the highest academic degree given by universities and research organizations that grants students with in-depth knowledge and expertise in a specific field. PhD is an academic degree that is designed for individuals who aspire to pursue an academic and research career.

PhD programs offer students an in-depth education that involves handling original research projects.PhD programs include an original research project called “thesis”. A thesis is a work that documents and proves the original contribution the student provided to the field. PhD candidates must plan, conduct and analyze their research. Through this work, they learn to freely navigate and enhance their critical thinking skills.

PhD programs often last between 3 to 7 years. The duration may change depending on the complexity of the topic, the pace of the student and the program requirements. Students who complete a PhD program are given a “Doctorate” or “PhD”. The name of the degree may change depending on the country.

PhD is a requirement for those who want to pursue a career as a lecturer or a researcher. It also grants opportunities for leadership roles in research and development, industry, government agencies, or the private sector.

PhD programs typically bring along hard and challenging academic experiences. Postgraduate education and a certain demonstration of academic success are necessary to get accepted into PhD programs and the application process often involves the submission of a file including the student’s research topic, academic background and intentions.

Types of Doctorates

1. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD):
   • This is the most common doctorate and is generally for those who pursue a career in academia. Students conduct their original research in this program.
2. Doctorate in Engineering (EngD):
   • This doctorate is specifically designed for engineers. These programs can focus more on industrial projects and practical applications.
3. Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA):
   • This type of doctorate is for those in the field of business. DBA is designed for leadership positions in the industry and aims to find a balance between theoretical and practical education.
4. Doctorate of Education (EdD):
   • This type of doctorate is specific for those in the education field. EdD programs focus on education leadership, education policies and modern practices.
5. Doctorate of Health Sciences (DSHS or ScD):
   •  This degree is specifically designed for those in the fields of medicine, dentistry, and nursing. These programs focus on clinical research or healthcare.
6. Doctorate of Arts (DA or DMA):
   • DA or DMA are specific for arts, music, and theatre, and students focus on their creative works and contribute to their respective fields.
7. Doctorate in Law (JSD or SJD):
   • Specific to law doctoral programs, examining theoretical issues and legal systems in-depth.

How to Get a Doctorate (PhD)?

The process involves several stages and may vary across disciplines and universities:

1. Preparation Period:
   • Having a bachelor's and master's degree, identifying potential supervisors, and determining research topics.
2. Application:
   • Applying to the PhD program with academic history, letters of reference, a letter of intent, and possibly a research proposal.
3. Acceptance:
   • Enrolling in the program after acceptance and determining the research topic.
4. Course Period:
   • Taking required courses to strengthen fundamental knowledge in the chosen area.
5. Research Proposal:
   • Submitting a proposal for doctoral research, outlining the purpose, methodology, and expected contribution.
6. Research and Thesis Writing:
   • Conducting original research and writing a thesis containing new and original information.
7. Thesis Defense:
   • Defending the thesis before a jury, explaining the research, methods, and findings.
8. Doctoral Degree:
   • Being awarded the doctoral degree upon successfully defending the thesis and meeting program requirements.

How Many Years Does It Take To Complete a PhD?

The duration of doctoral study abroad may vary from country to country, discipline to discipline, and program to program. However, in general, doctoral education lasts between 3 and 5 years. In some countries and programs, the duration may be shorter or longer. In the doctoral process, there are steps such as studying, determining the thesis topic, doing research, writing the thesis, and defending the thesis, and therefore the duration of study may be extended. Additionally, the student's study pace, the complexity of the research topic, and the characteristics of the program may also affect the duration.

What is the use of doing a PhD?

Pursuing a doctorate helps achieve a level of higher education that offers several advantages and opportunities. Here are some key advantages of doing a PhD:

1. In-Depth Knowledge and Expertise:
   • A PhD provides students with the opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge of a particular field or topic. This allows the student to gain expertise in that field and be equipped with the latest knowledge.
2. Preparation for an Academic Career:
   • PhD is an important step for those who want to pursue an academic career. Individuals who hold a PhD title can apply for faculty or research assistant positions at universities.
3. Leadership Positions:
   • PhD can also be considered as a necessity for rising to certain leadership positions. It can increase the likelihood of getting promoted to senior managerial or specialist positions in both academic and industry fields.
4. Research & Development:
   • A doctorate provides the ability to lead research and development (R&D) projects. This offers students the opportunity to play a key role in developing new technologies, products, or processes.
5. Networking:
   • Doctoral programs offer students the opportunity to build a broad academic and professional network. These networks can help them connect with colleagues and experts with whom they can collaborate throughout their careers.